Decomposition of Self numbers
Self or Colombian numbers (not of form n + sum of digits of n).
Decomposition of Loeschian numbers
Loeschian numbers: numbers of the form x^2 + xy + y^2; norms of vectors in A2 lattice.
Decomposition of Cyclic numbers
Cyclic numbers: n such that n and phi(n) are relatively prime; also n such that there is just one group of order n, i.e. A000001(n) = 1.
Decomposition of Ludic numbers
Ludic numbers: apply the same sieve as Eratosthenes, but cross off every k-th /remaining/ number.
Decomposition of A003485
Hurwitz-Radon function at powers of 2.
Decomposition of A003511
A Beatty sequence: floor( n * (1 + sqrt(3))/2 ).
Decomposition of A003512
A Beatty sequence: floor(n*(sqrt(3) + 2)).
Decomposition of A003601
Numbers n such that the average of the divisors of n is an integer: sigma_0(n) divides sigma_1(n). Alternatively, tau(n) (A000005(n)) divides sigma(n) (A000203(n)).
Decomposition of A003623
From a 3-way splitting of positive integers: [[n*phi^2]*phi].
Decomposition of A003628
Primes congruent to {5, 7} mod 8.